Sneak peek: As attention problems become more common in kids, researchers continue to understand this issue. Research points out the importance of social emotional learning for students who struggle with attention.
I went to a presentation recently at my son’s school about the social emotional learning (SEL) program they use. I knew these “soft skills” for students were an important piece of the educational program, but the power of it didn’t hit me until one of the administrators said in passing that behavioral problems at schools that have these programs are dramatically less than at those that don’t.
Of course they are, I thought — kids aren’t little robots who just show up to learn and don’t feel emotions or have disagreements with their friends.
Research on social emotional learning in schools
What I learned was that instead of starting the day straight away with reading and writing, the teachers take a few minutes to “check-in” with each of the kids in their group. The kids have a moment to discuss if they are in the “green zone” (happy), “yellow zone” (marginal) or “red zone” (upset or sad). The school counselor also visits from time to time to discuss with the kids strategies they can use to get back to the “green zone” after getting upset or sad. This is a particular type of social emotional learning approach called the Zones of Regulation and there’s quite a bit of research to back it up.
The administrators also pointed out (and much research backs this up), that schools that include a component to foster “soft skills” for students fare better academically. Why is this you might ask? New research gives us a clue…
As adults, we sometimes get absorbed in our thoughts at times and cannot focus on a task we are trying to do. Have you ever considered what is going on when this happens? Well, for adults, it often has to do with a problem or personal situation we are trying to figure out in our heads. Maybe you just fought with your spouse or maybe you just found out one of your friends is sick. New research is showing that children too, may be trying to figure out emotional situations when they seem distracted or inattentive.
Why social emotional skills are important for students?
This research is based on a fascinating study of kindergarten-aged children in Germany. The researchers assessed the children’s “emotional knowledge” over the course of 14 months. Emotional knowledge involves the ability of people to identify other’s emotions (often based on facial expressions) and the situations that prompt those emotions. The assessment given to the children also tested their ability to control their own emotional expressions.
In addition to these soft skill factors, the researchers also assessed the children’s language skills, self-regulation skills, and memory.
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What the research shows is that there may be a link between emotional knowledge and kids’ ability to pay attention. Kids in the study who showed better emotional knowledge had fewer attention problems, even after other relevant factors (e.g., demographic factors or language ability) were considered.
So what is going on here? Why is understanding emotions helpful for kids’ ability to pay attention? The authors believe that the more children understand other’s emotions, then other people’s emotions and reactions become more predictable. Thus, children know what to expect from other people, how to manage their reactions and can focus on other things.
This not only leads to more positive social interactions, but it frees up their brain to focus on academic subjects. In other words, kids get distracted and seem inattentive when they are using valuable brain space trying to figure out why people are expressing the emotions they are facing and how to manage that.
The link between “soft skills” and attention/focus
The researchers believe this work may have implications for understanding ADHD. Developmentalists have long suspected that the root of ADHD has to do with children’s lack of executive function skills. These skills include things like working memory, self-control, and mental flexibility. In this study, however, the authors found that emotional knowledge was at least as important or perhaps more important to attention skills than executive function. Yes, that’s right–emotional knowledge was that important.
Wow! In the world of child development research, this is pretty important stuff. For years we have understood the role that executive function plays in the development of children’s attention and overall positive growth. Now we are also seeing the crucial role that emotional knowledge plays. Noted emotional knowledge researcher Daniel Goleman
Okay, now that we know the importance of emotional knowledge, how can we as parents help our children gain these skills? Well, one thing we know from research is that parents who talk to their children more about what other people might be feeling or thinking, help kids develop emotional knowledge and the ability to understand the perspective of others.
Developmentally, kids will not really be able to understand others’ thoughts until they are between 3 and 4 years of age. This is the age when “theory of mind” develops. However, as kids grow they gain valuable skills in empathy and emotional learning through simple exercises like this.
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